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The Pink Apothecary




Hello everyone! I've been thinking a lot lately about my experiences on APPE thus far and how I've felt about making the transition from didactic academia to clinicals. It also led me to think: what advice will I give to incoming APPE students after I graduate? So, I devised a list of some of the things I thought of. Here it is:


1. Show up with enthusiasm, every single day
This one seems self explanatory, but I've heard stories from preceptors before about the indifferent student, the student that may care about the rotation but doesn't show off a single inkling of that interest in their personality. My question to you, indifferent student, is how!? It is not difficult to be engaged and excited about what you're learning, and it shouldn't be if pharmacy is the career you want! So get some sleep, perk up, ask questions and come excited!

2. Pack a snack and hydrate
I've been the student that passes out at rotation (IPPE, P2 year, it wasn't fun), so my friends I highly suggest investing in a few boxes of Belvita biscuits and some granola bars to avoid that sort of disaster on APPE. You will get a lunch break but small snacks will keep your energy up the whole day. I also recommend investing in an insulated water bottle to keep your water cold all day.

3. Think before you speak
I'm a person who says every single thing that comes to her mind. While there are aspects of this trait that can be advantageous in a healthcare setting, it also has its pitfalls. When asked questions its hard for me to not blurt out the first thing that comes to my mind. I've found that when I do leap without thinking, I've usually misunderstood the question. I'm absolutely still working on this one, but take it from me, you don't want to be blurting out wrong answers here and there because you didn't take a few seconds to think about the question.

4. Know your resources
With each new block I've been picking up different resources from my preceptors! Obviously we have the basics: Pubmed, Lexicomp, knowing which journals to access, and which guidelines are relevant. There are also many apps that can help in your day to day. Read from QxMD is a great app that funnels articles relevant to your favorite subjects into a queue for you to read! ACC also has an ASCVD risk calculator app for download!  If you poke around the itunes or android store you'll find some really useful apps, but you should also ask your preceptors! 

5. Keep a dropbox or google drive accessible
This is one of the best things I ever did for myself and was recommended to me by my block 1 preceptor. I use dropbox for no particular reason over google drive, but I love having all of my assignments accessible in a minute through this app. I keep a drop box folder for each rotation and I divide that folder further into assignments, and studies/guidelines. I also accumulate random infographs or diagrams I've found in these folders to help in those moments where I don't have time to go combing through guidelines. So do yourself a favor and keep your stuff accessible.

6. Ask about expectations
This is two fold. You should know what is expected of you but you should also ask what you could be doing better to get there. It is difficult to put yourself in that position of vulnerability but it is important to remember that you are on rotation to improve. If you can't accept advice or criticism you will never improve. So be open, and flexible to the direction your preceptors give you.

7. Make friends with your team
Med students, nursing students and PA students are your friends!!! We're all in the same place, with the same goals, fears, and desire for learning! Take advantage of that and rely on them. You'll be happy you did when you want to make an intervention and need to run it by someone who knows the attending first. 

8. Develop a "work-up" method
Developing a method when it comes to working up your patients is really a long term goal while on APPE. Each patient care setting is going to require different things for you to focus on in a patient's record. The weeks you spend in each setting will teach you what is important and what you should be looking for, so if you develop a good baseline "work-up" you can adapt it to these changes. 

9. Anticipate (and accept) failure
This is a difficult one, and it is directly related to the one right below this. We are not perfect, and we most certainly do not know everything. Regardless of how much we prepare there is nothing that will teach us like direct experience will. I've learned that being an APPE student means being wrong, sometimes being right, and accepting that the both of those are okay.

10. Be kind to yourself
I saved this one for last because I believe it is absolutely the hardest one on this list. At least personally, I know I am my biggest critic. We aren't taught how to transition from didactic mode to pseudo-practitioner mode emotionally and so I've found myself scrambling to keep my confidence afloat. It is really hard to take a step back, see the bigger picture and empathize with YOURSELF. To do this, I developed a positive affirmation for when I'm feeling insecure: "you are confident, capable and doing well". If you have a problem with being kind to yourself, I encourage you to create a positive affirmation as well!



July 24, 2017 No comments





I'm already 3 weeks through my emergency med rotation and time is just FLYING by, I can't believe it. I started this rotation in late June on the evening shift (4pm-11:30pm) with my pharmacy preceptor, but recently we've been swing shift (11:30am-8pm). Has this stopped us from seeing some of the most "out there" pharmacy stuff!? Absolutely not.

This is my second rotation in an emergency department (ED) but my first and only one on APPE. Previously I was at a small community hospital in south Philadelphia, so being at a big university hospital for this rotation is a huge change. We experience have a lot of foot traffic through the whole day, and we have 54 beds to accommodate all those in center city who are in need of emergency care. A lot of my friends, and even med students have asked me: what exactly is the role of a pharmacist in the emergency department? To me, the question should be: why doesn't EVERY ED have a pharmacist!?

What we do:

1. Medication verification: although there are clinical aspects to the job, we do not escape the traditional role of the pharmacist completely here. We still need to do some verification and make sure all the meds our ED patients get are safe and appropriate. Pharmacist verification prevents potential medication errors that may not be picked up right away, like drug interactions! We get to do a lot of interventions here, especially on the infectious disease front, so that's always fun!

2. Pharmacy experts: We get questions. A LOT of questions. We get questions from doctors, from nurses, from PAs, and from patients. Questions about pharmacology, med administration, compatibility, you name it! If you know anything about the ED you'll be able to imagine how wild some of the questions are, but they keep us busy with new and interesting things to look up. I've always thought of pharmacists as the doctor's "right hand man" and we certainly fill that role in the ED. The unpredictability of the ED also allows pharmacists to serve as the pharmacology go-to for tough situations that require quick, and accurate answers. Basically, we're ED super stars, and from what I've observed, the healthcare team loves having us around to answer pharm questions.

3. Assist during intubations and trauma: During intubations and/or trauma, the pharmacist is an invaluable resource. We have a lot of knowledge about sedative agents, neuromuscular blockers, and toxin antidotes that needs to be readily available during delicate situations such as these. These agents also have a laundry list of contraindications, side effects, and administration pearls that may not be commonly known (but hey, your ED pharmacist knows them)!

4. Prepare patients for admission or discharge: Sometimes our ED patients need longer term care and end up admitted to the hospital. For these patients we do medication reconciliations to make sure their home medications end up on their list of meds they'll receive in the hospital. If they don't need to be admitted and are allowed to go home, we also help counsel on any medications changes or new meds they'll need to know before leaving!

5. Tdap for everyone: I couldn't finish this post without explaining the title, which also happens to be one of my preceptor's mantras. In his words..."there aren't many people I won't give Tdap to".  My APPE partner, Jill, and I have made it a habit to repeat this every time a Tdap comes up in our verification queue, just for the humor of it. I've quickly discovered that vaccination and a pharmacist's knowledge about vaccinations, plays a role in the ED too!

So you can see we're pretty useful to have around. It's also important to note that we have a lot of responsibilities not mentioned here, and that this is a pretty broad overview. Regardless, I know the healthcare team at our ED is extremely appreciative of the knowledge my preceptor brings to the table. Its really empowering to see pharmacists in a role that a few years ago wasn't common and especially when some EDs still don't have pharmacists present. Our ED is lucky enough to have two!

Thanks for reading everyone! I plan on doing a quick post about my personal thoughts and feelings about APPE while on this rotation too, so keep a look out for that soon (spoiler alert)! It's been an awesome journey thus far, even though my brain seems to poop out on me just about every day (couldn't remember the monitoring parameters with Truvada the other day....still mad about it....)

Till next time!
July 16, 2017 No comments


Happy Wednesday morning! I've been practicing these next few antibiotics all week, and if you're in the healthcare field you'll know that fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a hot topic of discussion lately. Why?


  1. Resistance against them is progressing
  2. In 2016, the FDA updated the labeling warning on FQs, discouraging their use for non-severe infections due to some of the serious side effects associated with them
  3. A new fluoroquinolone was just approved this past June! Baxdela (or delafloxacin) has activity against MRSA and pseudomonas, two bugs that cause us a lot of stress in the healthcare world

With those first two negatives, you'd think we may not see these all too often right? Wrong! While there are some cons associated with this class, they're extremely useful in community-acquired pneumonia (except Cipro!), uncomplicated urinary tract infections and intra-abdominal infections. Here's my brief overview of these three fluoroquinolones:



Mechanism of action: DNA Gyrase (Top II) inhibitors that inhibit the supercoiling, replication and separation of bacterial DNA. In normal people terms: the bacteria die.

Spectrum of coverage: This differs for each drug in this class
  • Ciprofloxacin: gram negatives, atypicals, pseudomonas
  • Levofloxacin: gram negatives, atypicals, pseudomonas, strep pneumo 
  • Moxifloxacin: gram negatives, atypicals, strep pneumo, anaerobes
Important take aways? Cipro/Levo are your pseudomonas drugs, good for potential hospital acquired infections (nosocomial). And in the words of the infectious disease pharmacist who taught us ID (hey Dr.Shah!): Don't use Cipro for pneumonia, ever, unless you want to get sued for malpractice (it doesn't cover strep pneumo)

ADR: tendon rupture, bone/cartilage formation abnormalities, N/V/D, C.diff infection, QTc prolongation (mostly Moxi), photosensitivity 

Fun facts:
  • These drugs cannot be taken with milk, iron, magnesium, calcium, antacids (Tums), they must be separated by either taking the antibiotic 4 hours before, or 8 hours after these other drugs.
  • The first quinolone was nalidixic acid, isolated in 1963
  • There are currently four generations of FQs
  • Ciprofloxacin is a CYP3A4 inhibitor
Hope you enjoyed this edition of brush letter pharm! More to come soon! (Especially now that I got new Tombow pens, thank you Amazon Prime!)
July 12, 2017 No comments


Hey everyone, I'm embarking on a new way to help myself two fold: practice my brush lettering skills, and keep up to date on my pharmacology while I'm on APPE. It seems silly, but the only way I know how to study is to write it all out, and then write out some more. Even more silly, my recall kind of sucks even as an APPE student. So why not combine studying with my newest hobby and kill two birds with one stone!? For those of you who have never heard of brush lettering, it's a a more modern form of calligraphy, and it's addicting to practice. I'm pretty novice, but again, practice makes perfect!

So this is brush letter pharm! My first drug series will be antibiotics because I'm currently on an emergency department rotation and infectious disease is 85% of what I see!



Vancomycin: a glycopeptide antibiotic that may as well be in the water with how much we use it.

Mechanism of action: It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding D-Ala-D-Ala and preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycan. This makes it bactericidal.

Spectrum of coverage: C.diff (but must be taken orally for this!), gram positive organisms: MSSA, MRSA, strep

ADR: phlebitis, nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome

Fun facts:

  • Resistance present in enterococcus (VRE), and S.aureus (VISA and VRSA)
  • Red man syndrome may look like an allergic reaction, red rash of the face and upper torso plus pruritis and hypotension but it is actually an infusion reaction. Solution? Slow the infusion rate!
  • Therapeutic drug monitoring parameters for Vanco depend on the indication being treated, but are usually either 10-15 mg/dL or 15-20 mg/dL
  • Vanco was first isolated in 1953 and was named in the likeness of the word "vanquish"
  • Early formulations of the drug were extremely impure and caused a lot of toxicity to the kidney. This led to vanco being nicknamed "Mississippi mud"
July 09, 2017 No comments
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|Gianna|
Previously titled "The Philly Pharm Student", The Pink Apothecary is a documentation of my adventures in pharmacy. From graduating pharmacy school with my PharmD to starting residency away from my home of Philadelphia, I hope to share tips, advice and commentary on how I've made it through and fell in love with my career.



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      • Advice for the APPE Student
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